Tag: Migration

The James Jackson Family Migrates to Campbell County Tennessee

April 19, 2018 Dennis Ayers

James Henry Jackson was born in 1862, in the middle of the Civil war, as the third son of John and Peggy Jackson. He was raised working on the farm next door to Peggy’s parents. James left home early though and, as mentioned in the last post, was married in 1879 to Sarah Malinda Chandler. He was 17 and Sarah was just 15 years old, but they soon established their own household and James became a farm worker. Neither James nor Sarah could read or write and they rented their home as they would continue to do for the rest of their lives.

James was tall with red hair, while Sarah was of medium size with dark hair and blue eyes. As typical of families in earlier times, they proceeded to have 12 children over the next 18 years. As chance would have it, 6 of the children had red hair and 6 had dark hair. By 1900 the family had moved a little south to Greene County, TN. The reason is unknown, but perhaps it was to find better work since James had become a day laborer. They already had their first 10 children, and it seems the family had fallen on hard times. The three oldest teenage sons were also working as day laborers, and they were forced to let their oldest daughter, Myrtle, work as a hired servant at only 12 years of age.

Then around 1905 the whole family, including the 5 adult children and spouses, all moved 50 miles west to Campbell County. What was the reason for such a major event? Well, evidently, it was to obtain employment in the coal mining industry in that general area. With the single exception of James himself, all the men became coal miners. The first to move seems to have been the oldest son, John, who married Melda Roberts in Campbell County in June 1904. Others soon followed and by 1910 all were living in the Jacksboro area.

My mother, Helen Derrie, remembers her grandfather being known as Jim rather than James. It is not clear why Jim didn’t become a coal miner also, but it may have been because he was already in his 40s by the time of the big move. He became a farmer worker again and settled down in Caryville. He lived another 30 years until he died at age 75 in January 1936 from a cerebral hemorrhage. Sarah lived even longer and died in February 1944 from complications resulting from a fractured left hip received in a fall. She was I month short of her 80th birthday. Jim and Sarah are buried together in the Harness Cemetery in Caryville on a hilltop overlooking Cove Lake.

William Jackson Becomes An Early Tennessee Settler

January 25, 2018 Dennis Ayers

After the United States won the war of independence from England, there was a dramatic increase in internal migration, with as much as 10% of the population moving each year and about half of that moving across state lines. Young white men were the most mobile of the population leading the way westward. Although there were a few permanent white settlements as early as 1771 on the western side of the mountains in North Carolina, it was not until after the war ended, and defeat of the Cherokee and Shawnee Indians that significant numbers of settlers moved into that area now known as Northeastern Tennessee. Actually, many thought the area was a part of Virginia.

The specific region was centered geographically around the valleys created by the Holston and Clinch Rivers in the Cumberland and Appalachian Mountains. It was rugged territory which became a refuge for the frontier type even before the war. During the late 1700s, the new settlement territory came under several forms of government and ownership. First there was the Watauga Association, a semi-autonomous government created in 1772 by frontier settlers living along the Watauga River. Then in 1777, the area was admitted to the state of North Carolina as the District of Washington which consisted of Washington and Sullivan counties, only to be turned over to the Federal government in 1784 as cession for war debts. Then the unhappy citizens formed what they thought was the 14th state called Franklin with its capital of Jonesborough. However, when Franklin was never admitted to the Union, the territory was again taken over by North Carolina in 1790. Finally in 1796 the area became part of the new state of Tennessee.

Jonesborough Monument – Click to Enlarge

With that historical landscape, William Jackson was one of those very early settlers who migrated to the area from Virginia in the late 1780s when he was in his twenties. His actual reason for relocating from eastern Virginia is not known. Perhaps he was looking for new fertile lands as tobacco planting was known to greatly deplete land where it was grown, and he evidently migrated with other Jackson relatives. William may also have brought some slaves with him from Virginia. It was not uncommon that white slaveholding migrants were younger sons of eastern slaveholders, whose inheritance included only a portions of the family’s slaves, or small farmers who owned just one or two blacks.

William apparently settled first in Sullivan County and in 1790 was appointed as a Constable. He married Hannah Jobe in 1789. They had their first child, Peter, in 1790 when the population of Tennessee had reached about 36,000. They would go on to have a total of 9 children. Eventually his family settled in Washington County near Jonesborough where they became successful farmers acquiring considerable land holdings. Records show that William obtained 300 acres in land grants on the Doe River in July 1794.

Hannah died sometime before William who later died in August 1837. In his will he bequeathed tracks of land of 120 acres, 82 acres, 146 acres to his three youngest children. The remainder of his estate was essentially divided among all his children. One very interesting bequeath was for his 5 slaves (Cap, Marshall, Dick, Alice and Elbert) to be hired out with the proceeds shared among all children. Then the slaves were to be set free when they reached 30 years of age. He requested that they be treated Kindly and always be provided with warm and comfortable clothes. His two oldest sons, Peter and George, whom he deemed trustworthy, were named as executors of the will.

Indentured Servants in the American Colonies

January 13, 2018 Dennis Ayers

Immigration in America has always been controversial, even from its early days, and over the centuries it has taken many forms. In colonial America, indentured servants were, for the most part, willing adult white migrants who wanted to start a new life in the colonies and agreed to be bound to labor for a period of years. However, some poor people in England sometimes sold themselves into indenture just to survive. Others wanted more religious freedom. Four out of five who came were men who were accustomed to farming and labor back in England.

Treatment of the servants differed widely. Some were mistreated while others lived as members of the family. Some did hard labor in the fields and others performed less difficult work on the farm or plantation. The servants were provided with basic necessities such as food, clothing and lodging during their term of Indenture, but they were not paid any wages. Unlike slaves, the Indentured servants from Europe could look forward to eventual release from bondage.

They were discouraged from marriage, but any children born while in bondage were free. There was no stigma attached to indentured servitude and their families merged easily with the general population. After their service ended, it was commonly required to provide them with a gun, a set of clothes, and money or a small tract of land upon which to establish themselves.

John DEPEW, the Immigrant for the DEPEW Line

February 1, 2013 Dennis No comments exist

As mentioned, Walter Depew migrated from France to Ludlow, England around 1695. We do not know who Walter married, but he had a son, John, who was born near Ludlow castle “in the North of England” in 1726. Thanks to the research of others including Josephine Depew Shelton a descendant, we believe that John came to America in 1748 while the colonies were still under British rule. So, John was our American immigrant for the Depew line.

Also, in 1748, John married Catherine Shepherd in Princeton, Middlesex County, New Jersey. Later, they lived for a while in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, as records show there was a lawsuit in 1770 in which “John Depew Senr” was a party, and also in Lancaster County where “John Depew, freeman” was taxed 15 shillings in 1771 as a resident. John and Catherine had eight children.

Like many other Pennsylvania families, sometime prior to the Revolutionary War the family moved southward and finally settled in Botetourt County, VA. John is then listed on Rev War roles as an officer in Captain Henry Heith’s Independent Company of Virginia Troops stationed at Fort Pitt in Pennsylvania in 1777 and 1778. So, it was ironic that John took up the fight as a colonist after being born as a British citizen.

After his war service, the earliest record of John Depew in Botetourt County shows that he surveyed a road there in September, 1778. Residents of the county were responsible for maintaining roads for the five miles nearest their property, and all men between the ages of 18 and 65 were required to work on the roads, and could be fined for not doing so.

Later, in Aug 1798, there was a survey for John Depew Sen’r of 370 acres on Glade Creek, on both sides of the Great Road (perhaps the Great Wagon Road?). John died at age 85 in April, 1811, after leaving a will made in June 1809. His wife, Catherine, also died that same year at age 80.

Derrie Sisters and Brother

March 13, 2012 Dennis No comments exist

Tom and Myrtle Derrie only had five of eleven children who reached adulthood. There were four sisters and one brother. I’ve never seen a picture with all of them together. The picture below from 1963 only shows the sisters who are youngest from left to right: Veatta, Helen, Alma, Lillie. Brother Bud was not present at the small reunion in Knoxville. Lillie and Alma were born in Greene County, TN while Helen, Veatta and Bud were born in Campbell County.

The family never lived on a farm, and always lived in or close to town. Due to poverty living conditions when they were young, it cannot be said that the children grew up in a normal household. They had few possessions, and none of today’s conveniences. With money for daily necessities very scarce, attending school was difficult and attending church almost never. There’s even a story that the oldest sister, Lillie, had to share a single dress with her mother when she went to school. Despite the hardships, the offspring stood together to weather their situation. However, all left home as early as possible to seek better lives. Unfortunately, none of them remain alive today. Below is an introduction and short summary of how each of the brothers and sisters’ lives evolved from the oldest to the youngest, with some old pictures thrown in for fun. All facts may not be totally correct, so readers please let me know when I need to make corrections. Remember to click on the photos to enlarge them.

Lillian Mae Derrie McNutt (1905 – 1976)

Lillian, or Lillie as most people called her, was born in 1905. She was serious and determined as first-born children tend to be. She may have been the only one in her family to finish school. In fact, she taught school in Campbell County for about a year after graduating. Soon though, Lillie set off for Knoxville which is about 40 miles from LaFollette where she put herself through business school. In 1929 at age 24, she married S.F.C McNutt whose initials stood for Samuel Franklin Casenberg, the name of the doctor who delivered him as a baby. As a youngster he apparently was called Casey, but later everyone just called him Mac. He always called his wife Lillian and not Lillie. Mac was a jovial

person and liked to listen to baseball games on the radio. In 1934 they had their only child, a daughter named Shirley. Lillie was a strong Christian and always worried about the well-being and spiritual health of her siblings. In 1940, Lillie and Mac took in her youngest sister, Veatta, to live with them for about a year when she was still in school. Then in 1943, they generously took in her sister, Helen, (Mom) and me as a baby to live with them for a year to escape the living conditions back home in LaFollette. Mac worked many years for the Southern Railroad in knoxville. Lillie worked initially in business offices, but later in life she worked as a real estate agent and broker. Her reserved and proper nature probably served her well in that profession. She also taught Sunday School for about 50 years. A lifelong smoker, she died of cancer in 1976 at age 70. Mac lived a little longer and died in 1981 at age 76.

Alma Bernice Derrie Wilson (1909 – 1986)

Alma & Otney Wilson ca 1970s — **Alma and Ott 1970s**

Alma, born in 1909, married Otney Wilson in 1927. They lived their entire lives in LaFollette with many years in the beginning next door to her parents, Tom and Myrtle. Unfortunately, this led to excessive drinking in their household as well. Alma and Ott, as he was called, had seven straight sons between 1927 and 1941, but finally had a daughter in 1949. Their sons’ names were James (called JL), Phillip, Carl, Chester, John (called Nookie), Don, and Alvin. Sadly, Chester died when only 1-year-old, and Nookie was killed at age 16 when he stepped on a downed power line while walking in the woods. All the sons are now deceased. Their daughter born last was named Veatta after her Aunt so they always called her “Little Veatta”. After she was born, Alma and Ott turned their lives around. Ott got a job with the LaFollette Fire Department and over the years worked his way up to become the Fire Chief before he retired. They moved to a house in LaFollette proper, became Christians and attended church regularly. Alma was a sweet and gentle woman who was always a homemaker. She died of cancer in 1986 at age 76 and Ott died just a few months later at age 84. They are buried with most of their children in the Cumberland View Cemetery in LaFollette.

James Alvin (Bud) Derrie (1919 – 1979)

James Alvin was called Bud almost from the day he was born in 1919, but always used Alvin for official purposes. He grew up as the only boy in a poverty-stricken, dysfunctional household. As a consequence, he always took the brunt of his father’s bitter harsh ways. Bud only finished the 6th grade and finally got away from home by first joining the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCCs) and then when he was 20 years old, he enlisted in the Army in 1939 in Punta Gorda, Florida for duty in Panama. However, in 1940 he was stationed at Ft. Benning, Georgia and was soon dragged into WW II. It is believed he served mostly in an Engineer Aviation Battalion which built and repaired runways throughout the war. There is a story that he participated in the D-Day invasion of the Normandy beaches on June 6, 1944, in the second wave when the US brought vehicles ashore, some of which were to help build temporary airfields. He was released from duty after the war in 1945, and his family thought he returned as an emotionally handicapped person. It was probably what today is called Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD, which affects some war veterans. He developed the same heavy drinking pattern of his father and never found a smooth road. Bud re-enlisted in 1947 for a second tour in the Army, but was always in trouble for going AWOL and was released again just prior to the Korean War. He was married to Ruth Norman in 1953, but then was divorced a short time later. In 1964 he married Cora Lloyd, a woman 23 years older than him, but she died in 1965. Bud never really found any happiness in life and eventually died in 1979 at age 60 while in the Mountain Home VA hospital in Johnson City, TN. He is buried next to his mother and father in the Jacksboro Cemetery.

Helen Louise Derrie Ayers (1923 – 2005)

Helen 17 Years Old — **Helen at about 17**

Helen, born in 1923, married Ira Ayers in 1942, and they moved to Baltimore, MD in 1946. Ira worked for the B&O railroad while Helen was a homemaker and farm woman until the 1960s when she began working outside the home, first as a Licensed Practical Nurse, and then as an Industrial Therapist. She and Ira had three children: Dennis, Carol, and Annette. Helen had an outgoing personality and loved to talk to anyone. She was a loving mother and a devout Christian. She died in 2005 at age 81 and Ira died in 2003 at age 90. They are buried in the Crestlawn Memorial Cemetery in Ellicott City, MD. See more details about her life in the post dated May 9, 2011, and in a following post.

Veatta Belle Derrie Whistleman (1925 – 1998)

Veatta born in 1925, was married several times before her final marriage to Marshall Whistleman in 1958. Before that, she lived for a few years in Baltimore, MD where they apparently met. However, they were actually married in Lockport, NY where Marshall had taken a job. They later lived in Newfane, NY where they both worked at Harrison Radiators, a division of

General Motors. The location was only 25 miles from Niagara Falls. Marshall was a soft-spoken, gentle guy, while Veatta had a strong and sometimes gruff personality. They never had any children, but later in life Veatta stayed home and took in foster children raising them as her own. She loved to go play bingo and grow roses. She and Marshall both loved their little poodle dogs, and they liked to travel in their mini motorhome with the dogs beside them. A lifelong smoker, Veatta had various cancer problems starting in the 1980s and finally died from a brain tumor in 1998 at age 72. Marshall died from a heart attack in 2001 at age 76. They are buried in the Hartland Central Cemetery in Gasport, NY.

Derryberrys Migrate to Tennessee

January 7, 2012 Dennis Ayers No comments exist

By the early 1800s, most of the Derryberrys of Burke County, had chosen to leave North Carolina for the still newer frontiers to the west in Tennessee. Why? Well, in 1790, North Carolina had ceded its western land from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River to the new state of Tennessee. New counties formed almost immediately in eastern Tennessee, but the rest of the state remained Indian lands for awhile. Eventually, by the early 1800s, treaties with the Indians allowed additional counties to form in the middle of the state. The allure of cheap land in Tennessee and Kentucky lead many in the eastern states to simply pack up their families and all their belongings and set off into the wild. Some Revolutionary War soldiers were also collecting their warrant land grants provided by the NC government for war services. In some cases, others bought the land grants from soldiers and moved west.

Before railroads and highways, river travel was often the best way short of struggling over mountains and through dense forests. The most basic and affordable watercraft to employ was the boxy and awkward flatboat. It was so named because of its flat underside and shallow draft, which gave the hull the balance and strength to hold a large deck, but which made the vessel difficult to steer. At anywhere from 8 to 20 feet wide and sometimes up to 100 feet long however, the flatboat was considerably larger than any previous riverboats.

The Derryberrys most likely traveled westward on such flatboats navigating various large rivers in Tennessee which, beyond the Appalachians, are mostly flatwater. The Nolichucky River begins about 50 miles west of Morganton, NC and flows through the Smokey Mountains, where it is sometimes white water, into Tennessee where it joins the French Broad River.

The Derryberrys undoubtedly traveled through gaps in the mountains by wagon before finding the flatwater of the Nolichucky in Green County Tennessee. After embarking on flatboats they continued down the Nolichcky to the French Broad River and then on to the Tennessee River at present day Knoxville. Some travelers at that point apparently disembarked and continued westward by wagon following Avery’s Trace, one of the earliest routes to Nashville. At present day Crossville, they branched off to the southwest to Middle Tennessee. By 1820, there were 12 Derryberry families living in Warren and Maury Counties in Middle Tennessee.

However, there were some Derreberrys who stayed behind in North Carolina, and all are believed to have been descendants of John Derreberry Jr., who had died about 1789 and his wife Hannah. Their three sons, George William, Michael (Micah) and John all farmed their entire lives in North Carolina. Of special interest is Micah who was indeed a robust farmer until the end. In an old Derreberry family bible the following is found:

“Micah Derreberry in 1875, at age of 96, cut 90 Doz. wheat”.

Although it is unclear how much wheat this represents, it still must have been quite an accomplishment for a man his age.

George William Derryberry, our ancestor, and his wife Edey also had three sons plus a daughter, Margaret, before Edey died in her 30s. Little is known about Margaret or the oldest son John who also died early in his 30s. Meanwhile, for reasons unknown, sometime in the 1850s their two youngest sons caught the migration bug. Samuel Derryberry went as far as Arkansas by following the Tennessee River all the way to the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Samuel purchased land in Benton County Arkansas which is where he died in 1878. George and Edey’s youngest son, William, who is our ancestor, also moved his family in the 1850s, but only as far as Greene County, Tennessee. Perhaps they intended also to venture further into Middle Tennessee or even to Arkansas, but for some unknown reason once the family got through the mountains their journey ended earlier than planned. Greene County has gently rolling hills and wide flat farmlands in the river valleys. Could it have been the beautiful farmland in Greene County, which enticed them to stop there or was it some unknown necessity? The actual reason is lost to history.

Our DERRIE Lineage

December 26, 2011 Dennis Ayers No comments exist

It has been suggested by a number of researchers that the Derryberry family living in North Carolina by 1778 were descendants of Michael Dürrenberger who may have come by way of Virginia. There is also a possibility that they might have descended from Dürrenbergers who came directly from Alsace or Switzerland to the Carolinas by way of Charleston. There is no direct evidence to support which of these theories is correct. What is definitely known, however, is that DNA evidence now exists that proves the Derryberry line originated from the Alsatian/Swiss Dürrenbergers regardless of how they arrived in North Carolina.

After they first appear in North Carolina, it is difficult at best to determine which of the earliest Derryberrys are descended from whom. Records are scarce and the repetition of so many given names makes it necessary to use as much circumstantial evidence as possible to reconstruct relationships up through about 1850. However, thanks to the diligent work of other researchers like Don Cross and Bob Derryberry, a most likely set of family relationships has evolved and this is what I show on the Ayers-Derrie Family Tree website, and what forms the basis for the early years on the Derrie lineage shown below.

As with our Ayers lineage, I have used a timeline chart to show the life spans of each Derrie ancestor over the last three centuries. In the chart, you can see the New Jersey ancestors in green on the left side, and then the North Carolina and beyond ancestors on the right side in blue. I show a dotted line between Michael Dürrenberger of New Jersey and John Derryberry of North Carolina to indicate there are no actual records to tie them together, only DNA test results.

Timeline Derryberry — **Derrie Lineage Timeline — Click for a larger view**

Again to give a better perspective of when they lived across the three centuries, I’ve added major historical events. As I continue to describe family stories of this lineage, you might find it useful to refer back to this chart to get a feel for the time period in which they lived.

Peter DÜRRENBERGER, the Immigrant for the DERRIE Line

December 13, 2011 Dennis Ayers 3 comments

The British encouraged Protestant groups to settle in their American colonies, and in particular, Pennsylvania and North Carolina actively sought German and Swiss Palatines who were eager to become colonists.

Three Dürrenberger brothers, Hans Stephan, Hans Jacob and Hans Michael arrived in America on the ship Robert and Alice which sailed from Rotterdam, Holland making a call at Dover, England and arriving at Philadelphia on 11 September 1738. On board were 159 German and Swiss Palatines. Upon disembarkation, they were required to take the Oath of Allegiance to the Crown.

Passenger records of that time were not very complete or accurate. There is no record proof, but it is believed that the three brother’s father, Johann Peter Dürrenberger, along with his wife, Eva Catharina, and five of his other children probably also immigrated to the colonies at the same time, since they all disappear from Alsatian records after that. Therefore, this suggests that Johann Peter Dürrenberger was perhaps the first, or “The Immigrant”, of our Derrie ancestors to come to America.

In old records the German naming convention was for sons to precede the given name with either Hans or Johann (both of which translate to John), and for girls to precede the given name with the mother’s name. So, Johann Peter would most likely have been called Peter. The family was from a region were the pronunciation (i.e.: D = T, and ü = erh, with silent r’s) makes “Dürrenberger” sound strangely close to “Terryberry.” Subsequently, as was common of the period, a wide variation in spelling ensued. Both family surnames, Dürrenberger and Terryberry are thus reported in colonial documents in a variety of spellings. Soon Derryberry was added to the mix. Thanks to recent DNA test data, a bloodline connection has been proven, and Derryberry, Derreberry, etc. are considered to be derivatives of Dürrenberger. Furthermore, as you will see in later posts, Derry and Derrie are also known derivatives of the bloodline.

After arrival in Philadelphia, the Dürrenbergers made their way up the Delaware and Musconetcong Rivers of West Jersey to the German Valley, now Morris County, New Jersey, where they settled rather than in Pennsylvania. As mentioned before for the Ayers line, records in northern New Jersey from that time period are scarce. From information available it appears that Peter probably died in Morris County sometime after 1749. Research has accounted for his son Stephen’s death in Morris County and all his descendants. Peter’s son Jacob died in New Jersey in 1794 with no children mentioned in his will. The whereabouts of the third son, Michael, after 1749 are unknown due to lack of records.

Other Gemans who immigrated with the Dürrenbergers in 1738 on the ship Robert and Alice, landing in Philadelphia, are known to have made their way south to western North Carolina. It is now thought by some family historians, that Michael also later made his way to western North Carolina perhaps by way of the Carolina Road (see post dated 31 March 2011), or the Great Wagon Road through the Shenandoah Valley to become the originator of the Derryberry families of Burke County.

Our DÜRRENBERGER Forebears in Europe

December 2, 2011 Dennis No comments exist

As mentioned previously, the DERRIE surname originated as DüRRENBERGER in Europe. Extensive information about the Dürrenberger families in both Europe and later in the United States has been gathered by Brian Anton and other researchers, and Brian maintains an impressive website appropriately called “The Dürrenberger Family“ (freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~fams/durrenberger). From his website and others, I have assembled a very quick summary of the origins of the Dürrenberger name.

The earliest Dürrenbergers of record lived in the Basel-Landschaft region near Basel, Switzerland, which is located where the borders of Germany, France and Switzerland come together. People in that part of Switzerland speak German and the name is Germanic in origin referring to someone who comes from a Dürrenberg or dry and barren mountain. The Dürrenbergers were thought to be Calvinists (Protestants) after the Catholic Reformation in the 16th century, and some of them migrated to the Alsace region to the north of Switzerland.

Alsace is a region between the Rhine River and the Vosges Mountains, with portions in eastern France and western Germany. During the 17th century, the region’s association with Germany which had lasted for hundreds of years was terminated in 1648. This marked the conclusion of the Thirty Years War, when Alsace became a part of France.

The Thirty Years War (1618 – 1648) had its roots in the ongoing religious struggle between the Protestants and Catholics. It was mainly fought in Germany, but spilled over into many other countries as well. A major impact of the war was the extensive destruction of entire regions, ravaged by the foraging armies. Then episodes of famine and disease significantly decreased the population of some regions including Alsace. With many towns nearly empty, the local feudal lords encouraged repopulation of Alsace by the Swiss. As a result, many Swiss people migrated northward to Alsace seeking land and economic opportunity. Several Dürrenbergers were among them, coming from Basel-Landschaft and settling in both northern and southern Alsace. Mertzwiller was one of the towns in the North to which our ancestors relocated probably sometime after 1650. Their new homeland in France was roughly 100 miles from their previous homeland in Switzerland, not far by today’s standards, but greater back then.

Under their new political masters in Alsace, the Swiss people continued to speak German and follow German customs. But the changes were especially hard on the German and Swiss Protestants, or “Palatines”, as they came to be known. The hardships were associated with the persecution of Protestants everywhere at that time in central Europe by the Catholic majority. In addition to the Germans, Swiss and French Protestants (Hugenots) were also subject to harassment and persecution.

As Alsace’s population grew, people again sought economic and religious opportunity elsewhere. By the early 1700’s, a mass migration of these people ensued which took thousands from their ancestral lands down the Rhine River to Holland and then to England on their way to a new life in America, with the Pennsylvania and Carolina colonies as primary destinations. Some Alsatian Dürrenbergers arrived in the American Colonies as early as 1738, and it appears our Dürrenberger ancestors were among this first group.